Turabian Citation Generator
Kate L. Turabian’s student version of Chicago: footnotes, short notes and a bibliography for research papers, theses and dissertations.
Your Turabian citation appears here as you type. Start with a URL, DOI or ISBN above, or fill in the title.
Saved sources: 0 in “My paper”
Turabian style, the short version
Turabian style comes from Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th edition). It adapts Chicago for students, so the citations match Chicago’s notes-and-bibliography style.
Same citations as Chicago
A Turabian note or bibliography entry looks the same as a Chicago one. What Turabian adds is guidance on the paper itself: title page, margins, headings and block quotes.
Full note first, short note after
The first citation of a source gets a full note. Later citations of the same source get a short note: surname, short title, page.
Bibliography order
Alphabetise by the first author’s surname. Use a hanging indent of 0.5 inch, single-space each entry, and leave a blank line between entries.
Page numbers in notes
Give the exact page you drew on in every note. The bibliography gives the full page range for articles and chapters, but no page for whole books.
In-text citations
Superscript note numbers in the text, each matching a footnote. Turabian also offers an author-date option; this tool uses the notes-bibliography system most humanities courses ask for.
Turabian examples
World Health Organization. “Physical Activity.” World Health Organization. June 26, 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity.
Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.
Twenge, Jean M., and W. Keith Campbell. “Associations Between Screen Time and Lower Psychological Well-Being Among Children and Adolescents: Evidence from a Population-Based Study.” Preventive Medicine Reports 12 (2018): 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003.
TED-Ed. “How to Spot a Misleading Graph.” YouTube video. July 6, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E91bGT9BjYk.
Examples are generated by the same code as the tool above, so what you see is what you get.